Page 和评论将使用 Eloquent 提供的“一对多关系”。最终，我们将得到一个个人博客系统的雏形，并布置一个大作业，供大家实战练习。
1. 初识 Eloquent
Laravel Eloquent ORM 是 Laravel 中非常重要的部分，也是 Laravel 能如此流行的原因之一。中文文档在：
1. http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/eloquent
2. http://www.golaravel.com/laravel/docs/5.0/eloquent/
在前面的教程中已经建立好的 learnlaravel5/app/Page.php 就是一个 Eloquent Model 类：
<?php namespace App; use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel; class Page extends Model { // }
若想进一步了解 Eloquent，推荐阅读系列文章：深入理解 Laravel Eloquent
2. 创建 Comment 模型
首先我们要新建一张表来存储 Comment，命令行运行：
复制代码 代码如下:
php artisan make:model Comment
成功以后，修改 migration 文件 learnlaravel5/database/migrations/***_create_comments_table.php 的相应位置为：
Schema::create('comments', function(Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->string('nickname'); $table->string('email')->nullable(); $table->string('website')->nullable(); $table->text('content')->nullable(); $table->integer('page_id'); $table->timestamps(); });
之后运行：
复制代码 代码如下:
php artisan migrate
去数据库里瞧瞧，comments 表已经躺在那儿啦。
3. 建立“一对多关系”
修改 Page 模型：
<?php namespace App; use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel; class Page extends Model { public function hasManyComments() { return $this->hasMany('AppComment', 'page_id', 'id'); } }
搞定啦~ Eloquent 中模型间关系就是这么简单。
模型间关系中文文档：http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/eloquent#relationships
4. 前台提交功能
修改 Comment 模型：
<?php namespace App; use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel; class Comment extends Model { protected $fillable = ['nickname', 'email', 'website', 'content', 'page_id']; }
增加一行路由：
复制代码 代码如下:
Route::post('comment/store', 'CommentsController@store');
运行以下命令创建 CommentsController 控制器：
复制代码 代码如下:
php artisan make:controller CommentsController
修改 CommentsController：
<?php namespace AppHttpControllers; use AppHttpRequests; use AppHttpControllersController; use IlluminateHttpRequest; use Redirect, Input; use AppComment; class CommentsController extends Controller { public function store() { if (Comment::create(Input::all())) { return Redirect::back(); } else { return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('评论发表失败！'); } } }
修改视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/pages/show.blade.php：
@extends('_layouts.default') @section('content') <h4> <a href="/">⬅️返回首页</a> </h4> <h1>{{ $page->title }}</h1> <hr> <div id="date"> {{ $page->updated_at }} </div> <div id="content"> <p> {{ $page->body }} </p> </div> <div id="comments"> @if (count($errors) > 0) <div> <strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br> <ul> @foreach ($errors->all() as $error) <li>{{ $error }}</li> @endforeach </ul> </div> @endif <div id="new"> <form action="{{ URL('comment/store') }}" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $page->id }}"> <div> <label>Nickname</label> <input type="text" name="nickname" required="required"> </div> <div> <label>Email address</label> <input type="email" name="email"> </div> <div> <label>Home page</label> <input type="text" name="website"> </div> <div> <label>Content</label> <textarea name="content" id="newFormContent" rows="10" required="required"></textarea> </div> <button type="submit">Submit</button> </form> </div> <script> function reply(a) { var nickname = a.parentNode.parentNode.firstChild.nextSibling.getAttribute('data'); var textArea = document.getElementById('newFormContent'); textArea.innerHTML = '@'+nickname+' '; } </script> <div> @foreach ($page->hasManyComments as $comment) <div> <div data="{{ $comment->nickname }}"> @if ($comment->website) <a href="{{ $comment->website }}"> <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3> </a> @else <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3> @endif <h6>{{ $comment->created_at }}</h6> </div> <div> <p> {{ $comment->content }} </p> </div> <div> <a href="#new">回复</a> </div> </div> @endforeach </div> </div> @endsection
前台评论功能完成。
查看效果：
5. 后台管理功能
修改基础视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/app.blade.php 为：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Laravel</title> <link href="/css/app.css" rel="stylesheet"> <> <link href='http://fonts.useso.com/css?family=Roboto:400,300' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> </head> <body> <nav> <div> <div> <button type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span>Toggle Navigation</span> <span></span> <span></span> <span></span> </button> <a href="#">Learn Laravel 5</a> </div> <div id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul> <li><a href="/admin">后台首页</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/admin/comments">管理评论</a></li> </ul> <ul> @if (Auth::guest()) <li><a href="/auth/login">Login</a></li> <li><a href="/auth/register">Register</a></li> @else <li> <a href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">{{ Auth::user()->name }} <span></span></a> <ul role="menu"> <li><a href="/auth/logout">Logout</a></li> </ul> </li> @endif </ul> </div> </div> </nav> @yield('content') <> <script src="http://www.jb51.net/cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="http://www.jb51.net/cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
修改后台路由组（增加了一行）：
Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin', 'namespace' => 'Admin', 'middleware' => 'auth'], function() { Route::get('/', 'AdminHomeComtroller@index'); Route::resource('pages', 'PagesController'); Route::resource('comments', 'CommentsController'); });
创建 AdminCommentsController ：
复制代码 代码如下:
php artisan make:controller Admin/CommentsController
Admin/CommentsController 要有 查看所有、查看单个、POST更改、删除四个接口：
<?php namespace AppHttpControllersAdmin; use AppHttpRequests; use AppHttpControllersController; use IlluminateHttpRequest; use AppComment; use Redirect, Input; class CommentsController extends Controller { public function index() { return view('admin.comments.index')->withComments(Comment::all()); } public function edit($id) { return view('admin.comments.edit')->withComment(Comment::find($id)); } public function update(Request $request, $id) { $this->validate($request, [ 'nickname' => 'required', 'content' => 'required', ]); if (Comment::where('id', $id)->update(Input::except(['_method', '_token']))) { return Redirect::to('admin/comments'); } else { return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('更新失败！'); } } public function destroy($id) { $comment = Comment::find($id); $comment->delete(); return Redirect::to('admin/comments'); } }
接下来创建两个视图：
learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/index.blade.php：
@extends('app') @section('content') <div> <div> <div> <div> <div>管理评论</div> <div> <table> <tr> <th>Content</th> <th>User</th> <th>Page</th> <th>编辑</th> <th>删除</th> </tr> @foreach ($comments as $comment) <tr> <td> {{ $comment->content }} </td> <td> @if ($comment->website) <a href="{{ $comment->website }}"> <h4>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h4> </a> @else <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3> @endif {{ $comment->email }} </td> <td> <a href="{{ URL('pages/'.$comment->page_id) }}" target="_blank"> {{ AppPage::find($comment->page_id)->title }} </a> </td> <td> <a href="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id.'/edit') }}">编辑</a> </td> <td> <form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST"> <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="DELETE"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> <button type="submit">删除</button> </form> </td> </tr> @endforeach </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> @endsection
learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/edit.blade.php：
@extends('app') @section('content') <div> <div> <div> <div> <div>编辑评论</div> <div> @if (count($errors) > 0) <div> <strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br> <ul> @foreach ($errors->all() as $error) <li>{{ $error }}</li> @endforeach </ul> </div> @endif <form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST"> <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PUT"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $comment->page_id }}"> Nickname: <input type="text" name="nickname" required="required" value="{{ $comment->nickname }}"> <br> Email: <input type="text" name="email" required="required" value="{{ $comment->email }}"> <br> Website: <input type="text" name="website" required="required" value="{{ $comment->website }}"> <br> Content: <textarea name="content" rows="10" required="required">{{ $comment->content }}</textarea> <br> <button>提交修改</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> @endsection
后台管理功能完成，查看效果：
6. 大作业
依赖于 Page 的评论功能已经全部完成，个人博客系统雏形诞生。在本系列教程的最后，布置一个大作业：构建出 Article 的前后台，并且加上 Article 与 Comment 的一对多关系，加入评论和评论管理功能。在做这个大作业的过程中，你将会反复地回头去看前面的教程，反复地阅读中文文档，会仔细阅读我的代码，等你完成大作业的时候，Laravel 5 就真正入门啦~~
以上所述就是本文的全部内容了，希望大家能够喜欢。
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