现整理解法如下：
数据样本：
create table tx(
id int primary key,
c1 char(2),
c2 char(2),
c3 int
);
insert into tx values
(1 ,'A1','B1',9),
(2 ,'A2','B1',7),
(3 ,'A3','B1',4),
(4 ,'A4','B1',2),
(5 ,'A1','B2',2),
(6 ,'A2','B2',9),
(7 ,'A3','B2',8),
(8 ,'A4','B2',5),
(9 ,'A1','B3',1),
(10 ,'A2','B3',8),
(11 ,'A3','B3',8),
(12 ,'A4','B3',6),
(13 ,'A1','B4',8),
(14 ,'A2','B4',2),
(15 ,'A3','B4',6),
(16 ,'A4','B4',9),
(17 ,'A1','B4',3),
(18 ,'A2','B4',5),
(19 ,'A3','B4',2),
(20 ,'A4','B4',5);
mysql> select * from tx;
+----+------+------+------+
| id | c1 | c2 | c3 |
+----+------+------+------+
| 1 | A1 | B1 | 9 |
| 2 | A2 | B1 | 7 |
| 3 | A3 | B1 | 4 |
| 4 | A4 | B1 | 2 |
| 5 | A1 | B2 | 2 |
| 6 | A2 | B2 | 9 |
| 7 | A3 | B2 | 8 |
| 8 | A4 | B2 | 5 |
| 9 | A1 | B3 | 1 |
| 10 | A2 | B3 | 8 |
| 11 | A3 | B3 | 8 |
| 12 | A4 | B3 | 6 |
| 13 | A1 | B4 | 8 |
| 14 | A2 | B4 | 2 |
| 15 | A3 | B4 | 6 |
| 16 | A4 | B4 | 9 |
| 17 | A1 | B4 | 3 |
| 18 | A2 | B4 | 5 |
| 19 | A3 | B4 | 2 |
| 20 | A4 | B4 | 5 |
+----+------+------+------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
期望结果
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
|C1 |B1 |B2 |B3 |B4 |Total |
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
|A1 |9 |2 |1 |11 |23 |
|A2 |7 |9 |8 |7 |31 |
|A3 |4 |8 |8 |8 |28 |
|A4 |2 |5 |6 |14 |27 |
|Total |22 |24 |23 |40 |109 |
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
1. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total
mysql> SELECT
-> IFNULL(c1,'total') AS total,
-> SUM(IF(c2='B1',c3,0)) AS B1,
-> SUM(IF(c2='B2',c3,0)) AS B2,
-> SUM(IF(c2='B3',c3,0)) AS B3,
-> SUM(IF(c2='B4',c3,0)) AS B4,
-> SUM(IF(c2='total',c3,0)) AS total
-> FROM (
-> SELECT c1,IFNULL(c2,'total') AS c2,SUM(c3) AS c3
-> FROM tx
-> GROUP BY c1,c2
-> WITH ROLLUP
-> HAVING c1 IS NOT NULL
-> ) AS A
-> GROUP BY c1
-> WITH ROLLUP;
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| total | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | total |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 23 |
| A2 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 31 |
| A3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 28 |
| A4 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 27 |
| total | 22 | 24 | 23 | 40 | 109 |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
2. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + UNION 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total
mysql> select c1,
-> sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
-> sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
-> sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
-> sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL
-> from tx
-> group by C1
-> UNION
-> SELECT 'TOTAL',sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
-> sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
-> sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
-> sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) FROM TX
-> ;
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| c1 | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | TOTAL |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 23 |
| A2 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 31 |
| A3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 28 |
| A4 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 27 |
| TOTAL | 22 | 24 | 23 | 40 | 109 |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
3. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列,直接生成结果不再利用子查询
mysql> select ifnull(c1,'total'),
-> sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
-> sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
-> sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
-> sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL
-> from tx
-> group by C1 with rollup ;
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| ifnull(c1,'total') | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | TOTAL |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 23 |
| A2 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 31 |
| A3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 28 |
| A4 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 27 |
| total | 22 | 24 | 23 | 40 | 109 |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
4. 动态，适用于列不确定情况，
mysql> SET @EE='';
mysql> SELECT @EE:=CONCAT(@EE,'SUM(IF(C2=/'',C2,'/'',',C3,0)) AS ',C2,',') FROM (SELECT DISTINCT C2 FROM TX) A;
mysql> SET @QQ=CONCAT('SELECT ifnull(c1,/'total/'),',LEFT(@EE,LENGTH(@EE)-1),' ,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL FROM TX GROUP BY C1 WITH ROLLUP');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> PREPARE stmt2 FROM @QQ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Statement prepared
mysql> EXECUTE stmt2;
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| ifnull(c1,'total') | B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | TOTAL |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 23 |
| A2 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 31 |
| A3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 28 |
| A4 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 14 | 27 |
| total | 22 | 24 | 23 | 40 | 109 |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
以上均由网友 liangCK , wwwwb , WWWWA , dap570 提供, 再次感谢他们的支持。
其实数据库中也可以用 CASE WHEN / DECODE代替 IF
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