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SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析
摘要:开始:-------------------------------------------------------------------...

开始:

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在网络上,看到有SQL Server 2000和SQL Server 2005 的存储过程加密和解密的方法,后来分析了其中的代码,发现它们的原理都是一样的。后来自己根据实际的应用环境,编写了两个存储过程,一个加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),和一个解密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),它们可以应用于SQL Server中的储过程,函数,视图,以及触发器。

感觉这两个存储过程蛮有意思的,拿来与大家分享;如果你看过类似的,就当作重温一下也好。

用于加密的存储过程 (sp_EncryptObject) :

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存储过程(sp_EncryptObject)加密的方法是在存储过程,函数,视图的“As”位置前加上“with encryption”;如果是触发器,就在“for”位置前加“with encryption”。

如果触发器是{ AFTER | INSTEAD OF} 需要修改下面代码"For"位置:

复制代码 代码如下:

if objectproperty(object_id(@Object),'ExecIsAfterTrigger')=0 set @Replace='As' ; else set @Replace='For ';

存储过程完成代码:

复制代码 代码如下:

Use master

Go

if object_ID('[sp_EncryptObject]') is not null

Drop Procedure [sp_EncryptObject]

Go

create procedure sp_EncryptObject

(

@Object sysname='All'

)

as

/*

当@Object=All的时候,对所有的函数,存储过程,视图和触发器进行加密

调用方法:

. Execute sp_EncryptObject 'All'

. Execute sp_EncryptObject 'ObjectName'

*/

begin

set nocount on

if @Object <>'All'

begin

if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) And a.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'))

begin

--SQL Server 2008

raiserror 50001 N'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。'

--SQL Server 2012

--throw 50001, N'无效的加密对象!加密对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1

return

end

if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) and a.definition is null)

begin

--SQL Server 2008

raiserror 50001 N'对象已经加密!'

--SQL Server 2012

--throw 50001, N'对象已经加密!',1

return

end

end

declare @sql nvarchar(max),@C1 nchar(1),@C2 nchar(1),@type nvarchar(50),@Replace nvarchar(50)

set @C1=nchar(13)

set @C2=nchar(10)

declare cur_Object

cursor for

select object_name(a.object_id) As ObjectName,a.definition

from sys.sql_modules a

inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id

and b.is_ms_shipped=0

and not exists(select 1

from sys.extended_properties x

where x.major_id=b.object_id

and x.minor_id=0

and x.class=1

and x.name='microsoft_database_tools_support'

)

where b.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF')

and (b.name=@Object or @Object='All')

and b.name <>'sp_EncryptObject'

and a.definition is not null

order by Case

when b.type ='V' then 1

when b.type ='TR' then 2

when b.type in('FN','IF','TF') then 3

else 4 end,b.create_date,b.object_id

open cur_Object

fetch next from cur_Object into @Object,@sql

while @@fetch_status=0

begin

Begin Try

if objectproperty(object_id(@Object),'ExecIsAfterTrigger')=0 set @Replace='As' ; else set @Replace='For ';

if (patindex('%'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2+'%',@sql)>0)

begin

set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2,@C1+@C2+'With Encryption'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+@C1+@C2)

end

else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@Replace+@C1+'%',@sql)>0)

begin

set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@Replace+@C1,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C1+@Replace+@C1)

end

else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+@C2+'%',@sql)>0)

begin

set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C2+@Replace+@C2,@C2+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace+@C2)

end

else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+@C1+'%',@sql)>0)

begin

set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C2+@Replace+@C1,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace+@C1)

end

else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@C2+@Replace+'%',@sql)>0)

begin

set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@C2+@Replace,@C1+@C2+'With Encryption'+@C1+@C2+@Replace)

end

else if(patindex('%'+@C1+@Replace+'%',@sql)>0)

begin

set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C1+@Replace,@C1+'With Encryption'+@C1+@Replace)

end

else if(patindex('%'+@C2+@Replace+'%',@sql)>0)

begin

set @sql=Replace(@sql,@C2+@Replace,@C2+'With Encryption'+@C2+@Replace)

end

set @type =

case

when object_id(@Object,'P')>0 then 'Proc'

when object_id(@Object,'V')>0 then 'View'

when object_id(@Object,'TR')>0 then 'Trigger'

when object_id(@Object,'FN')>0 or object_id(@Object,'IF')>0 or object_id(@Object,'TF')>0 then 'Function'

end

set @sql=Replace(@sql,'Create '+@type,'Alter '+@type)

Begin Transaction

exec(@sql)

print N'已完成加密对象('+@type+'):'+@Object

Commit Transaction

End Try

Begin Catch

Declare @Error nvarchar(2047)

Set @Error='Object: '+@Object+@C1+@C2+'Error: '+Error_message()

Rollback Transaction

print @Error

print @sql

End Catch

fetch next from cur_Object into @Object,@sql

end

close cur_Object

deallocate cur_Object

end

Go

exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_EncryptObject' --标识为系统对象

go

如果SQL Server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。在SQL Server 2012,建议在使用throw来代替raiserror。

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析1

解密方法:

解密过程,最重要采用异或方法:

[字符1]经过函数 fn_x(x)加密变成[加密后字符1],如果我们已知[加密后字符1],反过来查[字符1],可以这样:

[字符1] = [字符2] ^ fn_x([字符2]) ^ [加密后字符1]

这里我列举一个简单的例子:

复制代码 代码如下:

--创建加密函数(fn_x)

if object_id('fn_x') is not null drop function fn_x

go

create function fn_x

(

@x nchar(1)

)returns nchar(1)

as

begin

return(nchar((65535-unicode(@x))))

end

go

declare @nchar_1_encrypt nchar(1),@nchar_2 nchar(1)

--对字符'A'进行加密,存入变量@nchar_1_encrypt

set @nchar_1_encrypt=dbo.fn_x(N'A')

--參考的字符@nchar_2

set @nchar_2='x'

--算出@nchar_1_encrypt 加密前的字符

select nchar(unicode(@nchar_2)^unicode(dbo.fn_x(@nchar_2))^unicode(@nchar_1_encrypt)) as [@nchar_1]

/*

@nchar_1

--------------------

A

*/

[注]: 从SQL Server 2000至 SQL Server 2012 采用异或方法都可以解密

用于解密的存储过程(sp_DecryptObject):

复制代码 代码如下:

Use master

Go

if object_ID('[sp_DecryptObject]') is not null

Drop Procedure [sp_DecryptObject]

Go

create procedure sp_DecryptObject

(

@Object sysname, --要解密的对象名:函数,存储过程,视图或触发器

@MaxLength int=4000 --评估内容的长度

)

as

set nocount on

/* 1. 解密 */

if not exists(select 1 from sys.objects a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) And a.type in('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'))

begin

--SQL Server 2008

raiserror 50001 N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。'

--SQL Server 2012

--throw 50001, N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1

return

end

if exists(select 1 from sys.sql_modules a where a.object_id=object_id(@Object) and a.definition is not null)

begin

--SQL Server 2008

raiserror 50001 N'对象没有加密!'

--SQL Server 2012

--throw 50001, N'无效的对象!要解密的对象必须是函数,存储过程,视图或触发器。',1

return

end

declare @sql nvarchar(max) --解密出来的SQL语句

,@imageval nvarchar(max) --加密字符串

,@tmpStr nvarchar(max) --临时SQL语句

,@tmpStr_imageval nvarchar(max) --临时SQL语句(加密后)

,@type char(2) --对象类型('P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF')

,@objectID int --对象ID

,@i int --While循环使用

,@Oject1 nvarchar(1000)

set @objectID=object_id(@Object)

set @type=(select a.type from sys.objects a where a.object_id=@objectID)

declare @Space4000 nchar(4000)

set @Space4000=replicate('-',4000)

/*

@tmpStr 会构造下面的SQL语句

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

alter trigger Tr_Name on Table_Name with encryption for update as return /**/

alter proc Proc_Name with encryption as select 1 as col /**/

alter view View_Name with encryption as select 1 as col /**/

alter function Fn_Name() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end/**/

*/

set @Oject1=quotename(object_schema_name(@objectID))+'.'+quotename(@Object)

set @tmpStr=

case

when @type ='P ' then N'Alter Procedure '+@Oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '

when @type ='V ' then N'Alter View '+@Oject1+' with encryption as select 1 as column1 '

when @type ='FN' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns int with encryption as begin return(0) end '

when @type ='IF' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns table with encryption as return(Select a.name from sys.types a) '

when @type ='TF' then N'Alter Function '+@Oject1+'() returns @t table(name nvarchar(50)) with encryption as begin return end '

else 'Alter Trigger '+@Oject1+'on '+quotename(object_schema_name(@objectID))+'.'+(select Top(1) quotename(object_name(parent_id)) from sys.triggers a where a.object_id=@objectID)+' with encryption for update as return '

end

set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+'/*'+@Space4000

set @i=0

while @i < (ceiling(@MaxLength*1.0/4000)-1)

begin

set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+ @Space4000

Set @i=@i+1

end

set @tmpStr=@tmpStr+'*/'

------------

set @imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectID and a.valclass=1)

begin tran

exec(@tmpStr)

set @tmpStr_imageval =(select top(1) a.imageval from sys.sysobjvalues a where a.objid=@objectID and a.valclass=1)

rollback tran

-------------

set @tmpStr=stuff(@tmpStr,1,5,'create')

set @sql=''

set @i=1

while @i<= (datalength(@imageval)/2)

begin

set @sql=@sql+isnull(nchar(unicode(substring(@tmpStr,@i,1)) ^ unicode(substring(@tmpStr_imageval,@i,1))^unicode(substring(@imageval,@i,1)) ),'')

Set @i+=1

end

/* 2. 列印 */

declare @patindex int

while @sql>''

begin

set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+char(10)+'%',@sql)

if @patindex >0

begin

print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)

set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex+1,'')

end

else

begin

set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(13)+'%',@sql)

if @patindex >0

begin

print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)

set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex,'')

end

else

begin

set @patindex=patindex('%'+char(10)+'%',@sql)

if @patindex >0

begin

print substring(@sql,1,@patindex-1)

set @sql=stuff(@sql,1,@patindex,'')

end

else

begin

print @sql

set @sql=''

end

end

end

end

Go

exec sp_ms_marksystemobject 'sp_DecryptObject' --标识为系统对象

go

如果SQL Server 2012,请修改下面两个位置的代码。方法类似于前面的加密过程:

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析2

搭建测试环境:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

在一个测试环境中(DB: Test),先执行上面的加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject)和解密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject);再创建两个表:TableA & TableB

复制代码 代码如下:

use test

go

--创建表: TableA & TableB

if object_id('myTableA') is not null drop table myTableA

if object_id('myTableB') is not null drop table myTableB

go

create table myTableA (ID int identity,data nvarchar(50),constraint PK_myTableA primary key(ID))

create table myTableB (ID int ,data nvarchar(50),constraint PK_myTableB primary key(ID))

go

接下来,我们要创建6个未加密的对象(对象类型包含 'P','V','TR','FN','IF','TF'):

1.视图(myView):

复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('myView') is not null drop view myView

go

create view myView

As

select * from TableA;

go

2.触发器(MyTrigger):

复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('MyTrigger') is not null drop Trigger MyTrigger

go

create trigger MyTrigger

on TableA

for update

As

insert into TableB(ID,data) select a.ID,a.Data From Inserted a

go

3.存储过程(MyProc):

复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('MyProc') is not null drop proc MyProc

go

create proc MyProc

(

@data nvarchar(50)

)

As

insert into TableA(data) values(@data)

go

4.用户定义表值函数(TF)(MyFunction_TF):

复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('MyFunction_TF') is not null drop function MyFunction_TF

go

create function MyFunction_TF

(

)

returns @t table

(

id int,

data nvarchar(50)

)

As

begin

insert @t(id,data) select id,data from TableA

return

end

go

5.内联表值函数(IF) (MyFunction_IF):

复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('MyFunction_IF') is not null drop function MyFunction_IF

go

create function MyFunction_IF

(

)

returns table

As

return(select top(3) id, data from TableA order by id desc)

go

6.标量函数(FN)(MyFunction_FN):

复制代码 代码如下:

if object_id('MyFunction_FN') is not null drop function MyFunction_FN

go

create function MyFunction_FN

(

)

returns nvarchar(50)

As

begin

return(select top(1) data from TableA order by id desc)

end

go

当执行完了上面的1-6步骤的脚本,我们通过查询系统视图sys.sql_modules,可以看到未加密前的定义信息:

复制代码 代码如下:

select b.name as object,b.type,a.definition

from sys.sql_modules a

inner join sys.objects b on b.object_id=a.object_id

where b.create_date>=convert(date,getdate())

order by b.object_id

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析3

加密测试:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

下面我就通过调用加密存储过程(sp_EncryptObject),一次性对它们进行加密:

复制代码 代码如下:

use test

go

exec sp_EncryptObject 'all'

go

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析4

当我们再查回系统视图sys.sql_modules,会发现definition列返回的是null值,说明定义内容已经给加密:

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析5

解密测试:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

解密过程,必须在DAC连接SQL Server,我们这里例子是从 SSMS(SQL Server Management Studio) 查询编辑器启动 DAC,如图:

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析6

解密存储过程(sp_DecryptObject),只能一次对一个存储过程、函数、视图或触发器,进行解密:

复制代码 代码如下:

use test

go

exec sp_DecryptObject MyTrigger

go

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析7

当定义内容长度超过4000,我们可以指定@MaxLength的值,如:

复制代码 代码如下:

exec sp_DecryptObject fn_My,20000

go

这里(fn_My)是一个函数,定义内容超过了8000:

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析8

... ...

SQL Server储过程加密和解密原理深入分析9

小结:

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虽然,上面的脚本,我已经在SQL Server 2008 R2 和SQL Server 2012测试过,但无法避免一些未知错误 。如果你自己在测试上面的脚本,请不要在生产环境上。如果你在应用过程,碰到有什么问题或有什么意见和建议可以发email联系我或跟帖,在此非常感谢!

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